It sounds like there is indeed a connection issue or that security settings are blocking the other programs from accessing the internet. When you click on the internet connection icon in the toolbar by the clock, does it show connected with internet access?
Try using some of the troubleshooting steps at the link below, starting with the section “Things to try first”:
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/10741/windows-fix-network-connection-issues